Fachbegriffe
|
Terms
|
Definitions
|
|---|---|---|
| Anion | Anion | Ion with more electrons than protons, giving it a net negative charge |
| Atom | Atom | The smallest electrically neutral particle of a chemical element, which cannot be further divided by chemical means |
| Atom | Atom | Basic unit of matter that consists of a dense, central nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons |
| Atomhülle | Electron shell | May be thought of as an orbit followed by electrons around an atom's nucleus |
| Atomkern | Atomic nucleus | Very dense region consisting of nucleons (protons and neutrons) at the center of an atom |
| Atommasse | Atomic mass | The mass of a specific isotope, most often expressed in unified atomic mass units |
| Bor | Boron | A chemical element with atomic number 5 |
| Chemisches Element | Chemical element | A chemical substance in which al the atoms have the same nuclear charge and which cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by physical means |
| Chlor | Chlorine | A chemical element with atomic number 17 |
| Elektron | Electron | An elementary particle |
| Elektronegativität | Electronegativity | A relative measure of the tendency of an atom in a molecule to attract bonding electron pairs |
| Elektronenaffinität | Electron affinity | The energy gained when an electron is added to an atom or cation |
| Elektronengas | Fermi gas | According to the free electron model the valence electrons are assumed to be completely detached from the metallic cations |
| Elementsymbol | Chemical Symbol | An international abbreviation for a chemical element |
| Fest | Solid | Highly ordered state of matter where the particles are packed closely together |
| Fluor | Fluorine | A chemical element with atomic number 9 |
| Flüssig | Liquid | Unordered state of matter with a nearly incompressible fluid which is able to conform to the shape of its container |
| Gasförmig | Gas | The particles have enough kinetic energy so that the effect of intermolecular forces is small and the typical distance between neighboring particles is much greater than the molecular size |
| Glanz | Gloss | Optical property, which is based on the interaction of light with physical characteristics of a surface |
| Gruppe | Group | The vertical columns of the periodic table |
| Hauptgruppe | Main group | The vertical columns of the periodic table, where only the s (1 and 2, i.e. I and II) and p (13 to 18, i.e. III to VIII) orbitals are filled |
| Ion | Ion | Atom or molecule in which the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons, giving it a net positive or negative electrical charge |
| Ionengitter | Ionic crystal | Salts in the solid state usually form ionic lattices with very strong electroststic attracting forces between the ions |
| Ionisierungsenergie | Ionization energy | The energy which is required to remove an electron from an atom or anion |
| Isotop | Isotope | Variants of atoms of a particular chemical element, which have differing numbers of neutrons |
| Kalium | Pottassium | A chemical element with atomic number 19 |
| Kation | Cation | Ion with fewer electrons than protons, giving it a positive charge |
| Kohlenstoff | Carbon | A chemical element with atomic number 6 |
| Maßeinheit | Units of measurement | A definite magnitude of a physical quantity, defined and adopted by convention |
| Massenzahl | Mass number | The total number of nucloens (protons and neutrons) in an atomic nucleus |
| Metall | Metal | Chemical elements with a shiny surface, which are good conductors of head and electricity |
| Molekül | Molecule | A particle consisting of a limited number of atomic nuclei and electrons in a certain spatial arrangement |
| Natrium | Sodium | A chemical element with atomic number 11 |
| Nichtmetall | Nonmetal | Chemical elements which do not have the properties characteristic of metals |
| Ordnungszahl | Atomic number | Number of protons in the nucleus and therefore the number of electrons in the neutral atom of an element |
| Periode | Period | The rows of the periodic table |
| Periodensystem | Periodic table | A table which shows the periodicity in the chemical properties of elements when they are arranged according to increasing nuclear charge number (atomic number) |
| Phosphor | Phosphorus | A chemical element with atomic number 15 |
| Protonenzahl | Atomic charge number | Number of protons in the nucleus and therefore the number of electrons in the neutral atom of an element |
| Salz | Ionic compound | A group of heteropolar compound which form crystal lattices consisting of ions (ionic lattices) |
| Sauerstoff | Oxygen | A chemical element with atomic number 8 |
| Schwefel | Sulfur | A chemical element with atomic number 16 |
| Silizium | Silicon | A chemical element with atomic number 14 |
| Stickstoff | Nitrogen | A chemical element with atomic number 7 |
| Valenzelektron | Valence electron | Electrons in the outermost (valence) shell of an atom |
| Valenzschale | Valence shell | The outermost shell of an atom |
| Wasserstoff | Hydrogen | A chemical element with atomic number 1 |